indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
basket (shopping, etc.); hamper; cage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold in one's mouth; to bring with; to take along
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
cheese; tee (piping); T-joint; cheese (said when taking a photograph)
avocado (Persea americana)
to garnish; to accompany (as a card does a gift); to add to as support; to prop up; to accompany (as an aid, guide, translator, etc.); (arch.) to mimic
system; lineage; corollary; system (range of strata that correspond to a particular time period); (taxonomical) series; -type
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
several types; several kinds; several species
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be placed on; to be set on; to be piled on; to appear (in print); to be mentioned; to be recorded
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to divide (into); to split (into); to share; to distribute; to distinguish; to discriminate; to break up (a fight)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
third stage; three stages; third dan (in martial arts, go, shogi, etc.)
pile; heap; counter for things that are stacked, piled up (or layered, etc.); layers of clothing worn under one's overcoat; combination of colors created by layering of garments (colours)
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
splendid; nice; sufficient; satisfactory; not needing (any more of something); (already) having enough
volume (sound level); volume; bulk; volume (book); volume (storage area); potentiometer
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
superb piece of work; masterpiece; exquisite item; perfection; unique article
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to eat up (in no time); to gobble up; to make short work of; to put away
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly; actually
by myself; in person; by oneself