demotion; relegation; reduction in rank; degradation; downward move
provincial samurai in the middle ages, who engaged in agriculture in peacetime
unable to do (as one wishes); able to do only with great effort; almost impossible to do; beyond one's control; not always turning out as one wishes; not going the way one wants it to
chemical substances; chemicals
lightly rolling (of a small and round thing); pleasant, high-pitched sound (e.g. bell, young woman's laughter); changing frequently (e.g. conversation, plans); (occurring) in rapid succession (e.g. sumo wrestlers being defeated); roly-poly; chirp chirp (sound of insects); ribbit ribbit (sound of frogs)
flaw; defect; problem; inconvenient
trace; tracks; site; remains; scar
(feeling a chill or shiver) suddenly; (feeling) chilly; chillily; with a sudden sense of dread (or fear, etc.); (being) suddenly (afraid, frightened, etc.); suddenly (breaking out in a cold sweat)
spine; line of the backbone; seam down the back (of clothing)
to tie; to fasten; to hitch; to secure (trust, patronage of customers, etc.); to keep (an employee, someone's interest, etc.); to save (someone's life)
extremely; in the extreme; knows no bounds (e.g. rudeness); boundless (e.g. universe, ocean); limitless
support; participation; assistance; complicity; conspiracy
hoe; raw fish or meat dish in Korean cuisine
writing; composition; essay; sentence
reading aloud; reading a kanji by its Chinese-derived pronunciation
intonation; accent; modulation; inflection
to stagnate; to settle (at the bottom); to deposit; to become sluggish; to become dull; to be delayed
recitation; reciting from memory
throughout; over a period of ...; over a span of ...
extinction; discontinuation; severance; rupture; to become extinct; to cease to exist
to be mixed together; to be blended; to intermingle; to commingle
idiom; set phrase; idiomatic phrase
simile; metaphor; allegory; parable
intention; wish; purpose; mind (to do)
technology; technique; technical
looks (esp. of a woman); features; ability; capability; (public) estimation (esp. of a man); credit
very; extremely; excessively
mother tongue; native language; protolanguage; parent language
machine translation; mechanical translation; automatic translation
course (e.g. of lectures); academic university unit (professor, lecturers, etc.)
bright person; talented student; prodigy
to carry to extremes; to go to the end of something; to investigate thoroughly; to master
being put off (by someone's words, behaviour, etc.); being taken aback; recoiling (in shock, disgust, etc.); zooming out or pulling the camera back to get a wider image (in film and TV)
a woman's natural inclination to care for others; big-sisterly disposition
proper use; using (different things) for different purposes
manners; etiquette; propriety; manner of production (esp. of prose, poetry, etc.); way of making
sneer; derision; scornful laugh; cold smile