serious illness; dangerous disease
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be ill; to suffer from; to have trouble doing ...; to be unable to ...; to fail to ...
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to step back; to move back; to withdraw (from the presence of a superior); to leave; to resign; to retire
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to settle down (and deal with something); to concentrate all one's energy (on something); to settle oneself (in a place); to settle down (somewhere); to take a solid stance; to lower one's center of gravity (centre)
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
national politics; political situation; statecraft; body politic
grasping; seizing; holding; commanding; having control over
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
opportunity; chance; folding; fold; small food box (wooden or cardboard); folding in ... (two, three, etc.); counter for folded items
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
audience (with a superior, e.g. nobility)
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to collect; to assemble; to gather
surprise; astonishment; wonder; amazement
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family