severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to soften; to calm down; to be eased; to be mitigated; to subside; to abate
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
sunlight; rays of the Sun
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to rain incessantly; to downpour
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
pride (in one's achievements, possessions, etc.); self-praise; boast
garden; yard; courtyard; field (of action); area
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
liking very much; loving (something or someone); adoring; being very fond of
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
to slip out; to sneak away; to break into the lead; to get ahead; to begin to fall out (e.g. hair); to break out (of a loop)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
in any case; regardless; either way; since it makes no difference anyway (you might as well ...); since it won't change the outcome; if you are doing it regardless
failure; mistake; blunder
sure to ...; certain to ...; bound to ...; it's natural that ...; it's obvious that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
always; all the time; never; usual; regular