at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
phi; diameter (units assumed, esp. mm)
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
transmigration; reincarnation; metempsychosis
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
reconciliation; amicable settlement; court-mediated settlement; (arch.) translation of a foreign language into Japanese
certified (as genuine, valuable, etc.); guaranteed (article); of established reputation; acknowledged; pièce de résistance
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
surging waves; raging billows; turbulent; tempestuous; tumultuous
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be flustered; to lose one's presence of mind
though; notwithstanding; although
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
in short; in a word; to sum up; to put it simply; to make a long story short; after all
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
intently; single-mindedly; devotedly; solely; earnestly; with all one's heart
denial; negation; negation (logic); NOT operation
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)