indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
reckless; daredevil; frantic; foolhardy
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
honorific/polite/humble prefix
study; diligence; discount; reduction
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
meaning; significance; sense
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
beneficial; profitable; useful; helpful; instructive
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
on the surface; ostensibly; superficially; apparently
to walk about; to walk around; to conduct oneself; to turn up; to brawl (in a play, etc.)
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to carry around; to carry on one's person
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...