indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
more than most people; more than other people; compared with other people; more than others
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
stamina; endurance; physical strength; strength of an organization (e.g. profitability, productivity, economic clout, stability, growth potential)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
healthy; robust; strong; solid; durable
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
a matter of course; what is to be expected; par for the course
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
orphan; person without friends
when one was a very young child; very early in one's life
after that; afterwards; thereafter
to subsist; to keep on living
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
frantic; frenetic; inevitable death; brinkmate (inevitable checkmate)
beginning; outset; first; onset
cleaning out mud from a ditch or drain
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
in that way; thus; so; so?
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
to be taught; to learn; to take lessons in
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to take lessons in; to be taught; to learn (from a teacher); to study (under a teacher); to get training in
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
someone who is in their element; (lit.) fish that has found water