indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
correction; revision; amendment
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
respect and affection; love and respect
head (of a household); proprietor (of a store); one's husband; (one's) employer; (one's) master; host
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
companion; follower; attendant; retinue
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
stagnation; hindrance; delay
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
time; hour; period; class
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
(following a verb) to be sure to; to do (something) so that ...; to make sure to; to try to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
by means of; due to; because of; according to
charge; duty; person in charge; connection; linking
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start