ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
entry (in a form, register, diary, etc.); filling in; filling out
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
to notice; to become aware; to be scrupulous; to be attentive; to recover consciousness; to come to oneself
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
record; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); results; to record; to document
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
employment; starting work
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(one's) superior; (one's) boss; the higher-ups
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
bodyguards; elite guards; Schutzstaffel; SS; groupies; ardent fans
assistant; associate; duplicate; copy; adverb
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to present; to submit; to tender; to hold out
business; affairs; duties; work; procedure; task
cover (of a book, magazine, etc.); binding; appearing on the cover of a magazine
to write down; to note; to jot down; to remember
book; booklet; story book; pamphlet; notebook
to receive; to get; to accept; to take; to interpret; to understand
sprinkling (of rain, salt, etc.); pattering; flipping (through a book, etc.); riffling; sparse; scattered
to turn up; to roll up (e.g. sleeves); to do over and over again; to do relentlessly; to stage a comeback (against) (in mahjong, horse racing, etc.); to come from behind
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
good; OK; all right; fine; very well; will do
don't you think?; indicates question
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
troops; group members; team members