indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
rising up (of smoke, clouds, etc.); towering; plump; chubby; welling up (of an emotion); boiling up
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
familiar spirit; familiar
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to be truant; to slack off; to play hooky; to skip school; to cut class; to skip out
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
to find; to discover; to come across; to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
honorific/polite/humble prefix
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
back; rear; background; behind the scenes
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
to address (someone); to accost a person; to talk (to someone); to begin to talk; to start a conversation
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
beautiful face; good looks; beauty
indication; sign; hint; tone (of the market)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed