this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
largest class; top category
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
mirror; looking-glass; barrel head; page added at the beginning of a document mentioning its purpose, date, author, etc.; mirror-shaped mochi
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
repatriation; return; (electrical) feedback
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
reality; actuality; hard fact
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the body; the flesh; the outer man; one's physique
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
originator; ringleader; perpetrator; main culprit; person responsible
mind; spirit; attitude; mentality; spirit (of a matter); essence
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
adjustment; regulation; coordination; reconciliation; tuning; fixing
to give (time, money, goods); to donate; to do; to perform; to apply (processing, makeup, etc.); to add (e.g. ornamentation, annotation)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
(electrical) earth; ground; earthing; Earth
to begin a trip; to depart; to embark; to die; to pass away; to depart this life
ago; since; before; previous
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
very; extremely; excessively
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job); firing someone
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally