indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
two reams (of paper); 1000 sheets (of paper); stanza; verse; tribe (in taxonomy); forecast (bet); bet which predicts the top 2 finishers (i.e. quinella or perfecta bet)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
restoration; rehabilitation; recovery; recovery (from an illness); recuperation; convalescence
teacher; master; religious leader; specialist; (arch.) five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou-dynasty Chinese army)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
support; backing; aid; assistance
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
leader; reader; reading book; reader (i.e. someone who reads); microreader; dotted line (in printing)
long sword; minute hand (of a clock)
errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit; use
people who lived in Kyushu in ancient times, and who opposed the state of Yamato
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
black magic; sorcery; magic tricks; juggling
user; consumer; master (e.g. of swordsmanship); prodigal; spendthrift
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
development; evolution; expansion; spreading out; expansion (of an algebraic expression); development (of a three-dimensional shape)
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
extermination; annihilation
bowing (a string instrument)
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
bow (weapon); archery; bow (for a violin, etc.)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
accurate; correct; precise; exact