indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
party (social gathering); party (group of people participating in an activity, esp. mountain climbing); (political) party
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to drink; to swallow; to smoke (tobacco); to swallow up; to engulf; to suppress (one's anger, bitter feelings, etc.); to keep down
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
(among) one's friends; (within) one's circle
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
flow (of a fluid or gas); stream; flow (of people, things); passage (of time); course (of events); (step-by-step) procedure; group of people who remain together after the end of an event
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
reality; actuality; practice (as opposed to theory); truly; really; bhutakoti (limit of reality)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
rowdy fellow; tough; bully; ruffian
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
(of a woman) strong-minded; spirited; mannish
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
more than usual (usu. time)
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hunt (animals); to search (for a criminal); to go looking for (flowers, etc.); to gather (mushrooms)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
rare; uncommon; new; novel; fine; nice
ingredient; (raw) material; unprocessed timber; raw timber; subject matter; topic
to find; to discover; to come across; to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much