what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
pure white; blank (e.g. mind, paper)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to take responsibility (for a fallout); to accept the blame; to take the blame
in that way; thus; so; so?
imposing stance; daunting pose
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to state; to express; to mention
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
vacantly; blankly; openmouthed; with one's mouth wide-open; with a whack; with a thump
to open one's mouth (to talk); to (start to) tell
dumbfounded; overcome with surprise; in blank amazement; in a daze
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to let out; to utter; to issue; to send; to leave; to depart
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
remembrance; recollection; recognition
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
until now; so far; up to the present
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope