indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to have a talk; to tell a story
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go around; to return; to surround; to concern (usu. of disputes)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
to spread; to propagate; to popularize; to broaden; to extend; to widen
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
great pairing (e.g. of food and wine); marriage; wedded life; wedding
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to bring near; to bring close; to let go near; to associate with; to bring (people) together; to let come near (of a person)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
proof; evidence; certificate; license; to testify (usu. Christian religious context); enlightenment
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
territory (of country, feudal domain, etc.); (arch.) counter for suits of clothing, sets of armor, etc.
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
solar day (esp. on planets other than Earth); sol (currency of Peru)