indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to have a talk; to tell a story
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go around; to make a circle around; to surround; to circle; to come around (of a season, anniversary, turn, etc.); to return
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
to spread; to propagate; to popularize; to broaden; to extend; to widen
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
great pairing (e.g. of food and wine); marriage; wedded life; wedding
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to bring near; to bring close; to let go near; to associate with; to bring (people) together; to let come near (of a person)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
proof; evidence; sign; witnessing; testifying; testimony
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
queen (consort); empress (consort)
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
life; living; livelihood; (one's) living
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
territory (of country, feudal domain, etc.); (arch.) counter for suits of clothing, sets of armor, etc.
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
solar day (esp. on planets other than Earth); sol (currency of Peru)