indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
next term; next period; next version; next release
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
exile; banishment; eviction; elimination (e.g. of poverty); removal
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
inveigling; ensnaring; enticement; cajoling
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
(social) position; status
lovely; dear; beloved; pitiable; pitiful
to wound; to injure; to hurt someone's feelings (pride, etc.); to damage; to chip
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
appropriate; adequate; suitable; fitting; worthy
there is no way that ...; easy; simple
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
affection (esp. parental); love; fondness
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
sure to ...; certain to ...; bound to ...; it's natural that ...
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
to deceive (with words); to cajole; to talk into; to explain away (e.g. unpleasant evidence); to argue away; to wheedle
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally