indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hard to believe; fabulous; unbelievable; incredible
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to feel; to sense; to experience
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
all; completely; totally; entirely; thoroughly
to be solved; to be resolved; to loosen; to come untied; to be removed (of restrictions); to be lifted (e.g. a ban)
style; way; shape; form; appearance; state
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
scenery; scene; landscape; scene (e.g. of a crime)
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
retirement (from work); leading a quiet life (after retirement); retired person; retiree; surrendering headship of the family (pre-WWII)
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
rushing into; breaking into; storming; plunging into (war, etc.); embarking on (a new venture)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
interior; backwoods; hinterland; back regions
that is to say; so that means
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
beginning; start; outset; at first; at the beginning; initially
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
unexpectedly; surprisingly; unexpected; unanticipated; unforeseen
pleasant; agreeable; comfortable
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
establishing; proving; ascertaining; identifying; confirming
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise