indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tickle; to tickle (one's curiosity, vanity, etc.); to arouse; to make (someone) laugh; to amuse
fresh; refreshing; invigorating; clear (voice); fluent (speech); eloquent
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
calm; quiet; gentle; moderate; reasonable; amicable
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
cheerful; jovial; weather; season; spirit of yang
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to colour; to color; to apply make-up; to decorate; to garnish
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
flowers; beautiful; spectacular
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
with a feeling of relief; with a sigh of relief; deeply (sigh)
to sigh; to breathe a sigh
to relax; to make oneself comfortable
receiving; getting; eating; drinking; please (give me; do for me)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
honorific/polite/humble prefix
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
with a start; in surprise; suddenly (realize, remember, etc.); all of a sudden; puffing (air); with a puff
to turn one's face; to turn around; to look over one's shoulder
hair (on the head); (a) hair
blue; azure; green; pale (facial color); gray; unripe
pupil (of the eye); one's eyes
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
elegance; refinement; grace; aroma
to overflow; to brim over; to flood
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
to worry about (someone's welfare or comfort); to feel anxious about; to have apprehensions of
queen (consort); empress (consort)
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
polite; respectful; reverent
to bow one's head; to hang one's head; to droop (e.g. ears of grain)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)