honorific/polite/humble prefix
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
Ming dynasty (China, 1368-1644)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
name; given name; first name
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
greeting; greetings; speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address; reply; response; revenge
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
until now; so far; up to the present
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
slight; insignificant; small
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
companions; friends; comrades; mates; partners
reaffirmation; reconfirmation; revalidation
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
in turns; in series; in number order; by rotation
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
virile; tough; masculine; intense