near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
clothing; dressing; binding (of a book)
ring; circle; hoop; wheel; circle (e.g. of friends)
armoured vehicle; armored vehicle
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
national border; provincial border
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to see someone off (at a station, an airport, etc.); to escort (e.g. home); to follow something with one's eyes until it is out of sight; to let pass; to pass up (an opportunity etc.); to shelve (a plan, deliberation on a bill, etc.); to postpone
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
round shape; circle; circular form
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
three countries; Three Kingdoms (in China, 220 CE-280 CE); Three Kingdoms (in Korea, 57 BCE-668 CE); (arch.) Japan, China and India; (arch.) Japan, Korea and China
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
place; situation; position; location
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
abundant; plentiful; rich; wealthy; open (mind); relaxed
damp ground; wetland; bog; marsh
being dotted with; being scattered
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
rolling stock; railroad cars; wheeled vehicles
movement; transfer; migration; mobile; moving; traveling
to take more time than expected; to take a long time; to be delayed
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
field in which one acts unchallenged; unrivaled sphere of activity (unrivalled); one's monopoly