as a child; when one was a child
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
older brother; elder brother
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
alone; by oneself; on one's own
garden; yard; courtyard; field (of action); area
play equipment; playground equipment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tidy up; to put in order; to settle (problem); to clear (dispute); to finish; to bring something to an end
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be needed; to be wanted
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
between-meal snack; mid-afternoon (around 3 o'clock) snack; afternoon refreshment; afternoon tea
hotcake; (American) pancake
to cool down; to get cold; to cool off (excitement, temper, etc.); to subside; to be cold (eyes, expression, etc.); to be composed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
private tutor; coach; governess
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
time; hour; period; class
even so; all the same; nevertheless; yes, but ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you