to employ; to hire; to charter
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
meaning; significance; sense
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
such ... as; or some such
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to incline one's head to the side (in doubt); to tilt one's head to the side (in confusion); to be puzzled
3000; three thousand; many
counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper); (arch.) counter for positions or roles; (arch.) counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba); counter for ranking level
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
indicate reason; infers some protest
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
work; labor; achievement; performance; salary; income
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
(picture) frame; framed picture; amount (esp. of money); sum
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be worried; to be troubled
to take a long hard look at; to look (someone) full in the face
nail (e.g. fingernail, toenail); claw; plectrum; pick; hook; clasp
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to exchange glances; to look at each other; to postpone; to put off; to contrast; to compare
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
interest; eagerness; enthusiasm
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
preparation; arrangements