to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
local specialty; special product (of a region)
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
centralized authoritarian rule; centralised authoritarian rule
decentralization of power; decentralisation of power
feudal system of the shogunate and domains
foundation; base; basis; from the beginning; from the outset; by nature
sense of values; values; value system
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
stirring; rousing oneself
to compete; to contend; to vie; to contest
arm; skill; efforts; ability
not only ... (but also); not just; as well as
honor; honour; credit; prestige
formation; establishment; conclusion (e.g. of a deal); reaching (e.g. an agreement); being valid (of a theory, argument, etc.); holding
economic bloc; ecosystem (of services, goods, etc. within a company or consortium)
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
going in and out; entering and exiting; visiting regularly; frequenting; income and expenditure; incomings and outgoings; increase and decrease
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
porcelain (esp. soft-paste porcelain); china; chinaware; earthenware; pottery; ceramics
unique thing; best on earth
the Five Home Provinces (Yamato, Yamashiro, Settsu, Kawachi, and Izumi)
that's good; that's nice; like (on social media); is that clear?; OK?
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
encroachment; erosion; corrosion
market (financial, stock, domestic, etc.); marketplace; exchange; (street) market
amateur's skill or performance
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
cooperation; collaboration
highly virtuous monk; monk; Buddhist solitary; Buddhist missionary; saint (i.e. a virtuous person); (arch.) emperor; master
bout (in sports, etc.); match; effort; initiative; dealing with
relief; aid; help; (religious) salvation; (Christian) grace
Nanbokuchō period (of Japan; 1336-1392); period of the Northern and Southern courts; period of the Northern and Southern dynasties (of China; 5th-6th c.)
to carry out one's mission
to send; to forward; to hand over (e.g. money)
goes without saying; needless to say; obvious
imperial palace (esp. Kyoto Imperial Palace); imperial residence; residence of a shogun, minister, etc.; emperor; ex-emperor; empress
cannot (due to external circumstances); cannot afford to; must not; impossible to; no way one can (do)