prefix for forming ordinal numbers
thirteen; 13; king (playing card)
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
Bun'an era (1444.2.5-1449.7.28); Bunnan era
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
Hōtoku era (1449.7.28-1452.7.25)
first year (of an imperial era); year something (important) first happened or began
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
name of an imperial era (e.g. Heisei, Shōwa); Japanese era name
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Ise (former province located in the major part of present-day Mie Prefecture and parts of Aichi and Gifu prefectures); Ise (city)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
Kyūshū (southernmost of the four main islands of Japan)
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
two persons; two people; pair; couple
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
ace (playing card); ace (of a team); leading player; ace; hotshot; ace (serve)
class (e.g. school); grade; rank; kyū; kyu; junior rank in martial arts, go, shogi, etc.
capable person; talented person; human resources; personnel
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
difficult to ...; hard to ...
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
war; fighting; fierce competition