indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
muscle training; resistance training; strength training
participation; joining; entry; adherence
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
temporary; provisional; interim; special; extraordinary; extra
manager (e.g. of a business, an idol, etc.); in a sports team (esp. at school) someone who does the routine drudge work
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
appropriate; suitable; fitting; apt; proper; right
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
evaporation; dehydration; desiccation
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
no sooner than; as soon as; immediately after; at the thought of; when I think about
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
in fact; as a matter of fact; actually; in reality; to tell the truth
in that way; thus; so; so?
water; liquid; fluid; moisture; humidity; sap
to contain; to comprise; to hold in the mouth; to bear in mind; to understand; to express (emotion, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
among (other things); especially; particularly; at the same time; simultaneously; at once
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement