indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(your) daughter; young woman
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
your Highness; his Highness; her Highness
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
baron; Irish cobbler (variety of potato)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking