indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
member; participant; attendee; lineup (sport)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
possible; likely; probable
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
face; honour; meld; lineup (of players participating in a mahjong game); attendees (e.g. at a meeting); members
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be added to; to be appended; to join in (e.g. a group of friends); to participate; to increase (e.g. heat); to gain in (e.g. influence)
use; application; employment; utilization; utilisation
counter for large animals (e.g. head of cattle); counter for insects in a collection; counter for helmets, masks, etc.
pull; patronage; tug; discount
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
Asura; demigod; anti-god; titan; demigods that fight the Devas (gods) in Hindu mythology
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
simple; plain; modest; frugal; reserved
preparations for a journey
outward appearance; ostensible; public; official
travelling incognito (traveling); special palanquin for carrying a daimyo or his wife incognito
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
truth; reality; truly; really; absolute truth
taboo; day, time, direction, words, etc. that must be avoided; contraindication