the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give one's name (as); to introduce oneself (as); to claim to be; to call oneself; to reveal oneself (as); to admit to being
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
lack of sleep; insufficient sleep
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
dimly; faintly; absentmindedly; vacantly; idly; aimlessly
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
consultation; discussion; discussing; asking (somebody) for advice
letter; missive; note; mail
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
to doubt; to distrust; to be suspicious of; to suspect
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
hostility; antagonism; opposition
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; tentatively; for the time being; just in case; once
while; during; while; although; all; both
to accept; to receive; to agree
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
depending on; as soon as; immediately after; as (e.g. "as one is told", "as one wishes"); whatever (e.g. "whatever is at hand"); order; program
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
big; large; drastic; full-width cloth (approx. 72 cm wide for traditional Japanese clothing; approx. 140 cm wide for Western clothing)
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend