demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
learning; scholarship; study; study of ...; -ology; -ics
town; city; municipal; urban
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to create; to bring forth; to invent; to think up and bring into being; to give birth to; to bear
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
present (e.g. government, administration); current; existing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sister-in-law (spouse's older sister or older brother's wife); older stepsister; older adopted sister; non-blood-related older sister
name; given name; first name
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
construction; establishment
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
story; tale; talk; discussion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
absence; disregard; indifference
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
one act (play, etc.); scene; event
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
pout; displeasure; ill humor; ill humour; sullenness
appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance of
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
royal capital; imperial capital
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
news; word; tidings; omen
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
document; official papers
to pile up; to stack; to load (car, ship, etc.); to pack; to acquire; to accumulate
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
sorting; arrangement; liquidation; settlement; retrenchment; curtailment