indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
reaching a stopping place; settling down (before the next stage); getting to a point where one can rest; one paragraph
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
lunch break; noon recess; noon rest period
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
Kurea; Clair; Claire; Clare (Ireland)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
several people; a few people
student (esp. a university student)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
bento; Japanese box lunch
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
while; during; while; although; all; both
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
sudden; abrupt; unexpected; unforeseen
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to quarry; to cut (timber); to begin to talk; to break the ice; to start a fire (with flint, by rubbing sticks together, etc.); to select and extract (from a media file)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
to urge; to encourage; to press; to stimulate (e.g. growth); to hasten (e.g. development); to quicken
to tell (somebody) to (do something)
fleeting (glimpse, glance, etc.)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me