formal; official; regular; proper; legal; due (formalities)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to exchange (messages, greetings, arguments, etc.); to intersect; to cross; ... with one another; ... to each other
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
5th day of the month; five days
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at once; immediately; right now
royal castle; imperial castle
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for; I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
call; summons; call; invocation; usher who calls the names of wrestlers, sweeps the ring, etc.; telephone number at which a person without a telephone can be reached; (arch.) box-shaped area containing clean water for rinsing oneself (in an Edo-period bathhouse)
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
to board (a train, plane, etc.); to get into (a car); to get on (a bus); to march into; to enter; to arrive (at, in)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
uniform (of a military unit or squad); unit uniform
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to obey respectfully; to humble oneself; to sit straight (upright, respectfully, attentively)
attire; dress; clothes; clothing; costume; garb
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
way; manner; (for) the first time in (e.g. ten years); after ...; ...-sized; amount (equivalent to ...)
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to call (someone) to (the door, phone, etc.); to tell (someone) to come; to call up (on the phone); to invoke (e.g. a subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to apologize; to apologise; to make an apology
inner part; interior; living quarters (at the back of a house); inner room; recesses (of one's mind); bottom (of one's heart)
guidance; leading (the way); information; notice; announcement (of a visitor's arrival); informing (someone) of a visitor's arrival
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to (finally) arrive at; to reach (at last); to (manage to) get to; to find one's way to
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
audience (with a superior, e.g. nobility)
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to