year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
April; fourth month in the lunar calendar
state (of the US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. of Canada); continent; province (of Japan); province (of ancient China); prefecture
district; county; district (of 2-20 50-home neighbourhoods or townships, in the ritsuryō period); commandery (in China)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
China; Han dynasty (of China; 202 BCE-220 CE); Han (majority Chinese ethnic group); man
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
shaking; trembling; pitching; disturbance; unrest; agitation
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
death (of an emperor); demise
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to decide; to determine; to establish; to lay down; to bring peace (to); to make peaceful
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
speech; tongue; dialect; brogue; bento; Japanese box lunch; petal
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
fight; dispute; feud; competition; contest; rivalry
outbreak (e.g. of war); outburst; sudden occurrence
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
empress dowager; queen mother
maternal relative; relative on one's mother's side
pushing; support; backing; pushing from behind (a cart, etc.); pusher
by means of; due to; because of; according to
accession to the throne; enthronement
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
emperor (of Japan); mikado
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...