to turn over (face down); to lay face down; to point downwards (eyes, head, etc.); to cast down (eyes); to lie (one's body) face down; to lie flat (on the ground)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to float; to be suspended; to rise to the surface; to appear; to come to mind; to have inspiration
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
sharp (blade); pointed; sharp (pain); stabbing; perceptive; keen
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
in comparison to; rather than
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to let leak; to let out (e.g. light); to let out (a secret); to leak (information); to give utterance to (e.g. one's dissatisfaction); to vent; to wet one's pants
while; during; while; although; all; both
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
there; that situation; that occasion; the spot (i.e. "on the spot"); immediately; then and there
prostration; placing knees, hands and forehead on the ground to show utmost respect
coincident with; while; simultaneously
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
groan; moan; roar; howl; hum (e.g. motor); buzz (e.g. bee, wire in wind)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
overhead; above one's head; high in the sky
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
passing through (a tunnel, station, town, etc.); passing by (e.g. of a typhoon); passage (of a bill, e.g. through parliament); carriage; passing (an examination, inspection, etc.); clearing
smelling of fish; fishy; degenerate (of a monk); depraved; worldly; mundane
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
killing and wounding; bloodshed
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy
whole (body); full-length (e.g. portrait); systemic
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to spout out; to spurt out; to sprout; to bud; to burst into laughter; to blow (smoke, etc.)