here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
commoner; plebeian; commoner (in Japan between 1869 and 1947; the lowest of the three classes)
(social) class; rank; grade
to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to make a living; to earn a livelihood; to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing)
district; area; zone; quarter; section; region
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
business; things to do; engagement; errand; affairs
opportunity; chance; folding; fold; small food box (wooden or cardboard); folding in ... (two, three, etc.); counter for folded items
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to shift one's attention to; to shift one's focus on
shop; store; someone who sells (something) or works as (something); someone with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
nobility; aristocracy; peerage
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to compare; to make a comparison (between); to compete (on); to measure (one's strength, ability, etc. against another's)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
considerably; fairly; quite; rather; pretty
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
simple; plain; modest; frugal; reserved
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
thereabouts; vicinity; that area; that situation; those circumstances
to be erected; to be built
each house; every house; many houses
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
comparatively; relatively; fairly; considering ...; for ...; despite ...
surplus; margin; leeway; composure; placidity; complacency
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about