new student; freshman; first-year student
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be unable to; to find difficult (unpleasant, awkward, painful) to do; to serve two or more functions or roles simultaneously; to contain (or combine) two or more features; to work in two or more jobs simultaneously (positions, etc.); to do alongside
game (contest) held in the presence of a lord (daimyo, shogun)
waiting room; anteroom; antechamber; green room
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
heat; hot air; enthusiasm; excitement; fever
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to overflow; to brim over; to flood
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
aspiration; volunteering; desire; application
pupil; student; schoolchild
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
match; game; bout; contest
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
now rejoicing, now worrying; swinging from joy to sorrow; glad and sad by turns; alternating hope and fear; unable to put one's mind at ease
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
and yet; even so; nonetheless; for all that
stinging; smarting; on edge; nervous; ripping; peeling
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
feeling of tension; air of tension; tension; nervousness
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
thin; pale; light; watery; thin; weak (taste, etc.); little (affection, etc.) not much (of a presence)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
in the end; at the end of the day
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
overall victory; championship
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
being the runner-up; finishing second
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
carefree; comfortable; at ease; easygoing; happy-go-lucky
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
embodiment; manifestation; materialization; materialisation; expression; indication
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly