indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
suddenly; casually; accidentally; incidentally; unexpectedly; unintentionally
needle; pin; hook; stinger; thorn; hand (e.g. clock, etc.); pointer
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to get tired out; to be exhausted
to serve; to work for; to attend
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
isolated; standing alone; falling in drops (e.g. rain); saying a single word; muttering just a few words
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to let leak; to let out (e.g. light); to let out (a secret); to leak (information); to give utterance to (e.g. one's dissatisfaction); to vent; to wet one's pants
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
single word; a few words; brief comment
armpit; under one's arm; beside; close to; aside; to the side; off-track
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be temperate in; to refrain; to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number); to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
lady attendant; lady's maid; waiting maid
woman; female; feminine gender
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to exchange glances; to look at each other; to postpone; to put off; to contrast; to compare
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
than; from; out of; except; but; more
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do