castle town; city in Japan that developed around the castle of a feudal lord
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to pass (of time); to elapse
that day; the very same day
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
caller; visitor; company; guest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
greenhouse; hothouse; conservatory; glasshouse
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stick through; to force through; to spread throughout; to thoroughly diffuse; to make a path between two points; to proceed in a logical manner; to let pass
gene; fanzine; zine; jeans
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to bow; to bow one's head; to apologize; to apologise; to bow to; to yield to
your Highness; his Highness; her Highness
last week; the week before
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
tension; mental strain; nervousness
expression; look; countenance; face
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
it is I who should say so
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
to go through; to suffer; to experience (something unpleasant)
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
to search (esp. a home in a police search)
and; moreover; besides; as well as; and on top of that; at the same time
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
chair; stool; post; office; position
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
timidly; nervously; with nervous diffidence; trembling with fear