indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
myself; yourself; I; me; you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
system; lineage; corollary; system (range of strata that correspond to a particular time period); (taxonomical) series
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
tool; implement; means; furniture
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
attribute; property; context; character class, type, fetish, etc.
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
(fixing) boundaries for religious practices; prohibition (of items, people, spirits, etc. that would hinder Buddhist practice); fence between inner and outer sanctums in a temple; (arch.) short two or three-fold lattice around the front desk of a store; barrier; dimensional barrier
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
mind; spirit; attitude; mentality; spirit (of a matter); essence