here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ago; since; before; previous
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
maneuvering ground; manoeuvering ground
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
defense; defence; safeguard; protection
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
(fixing) boundaries for religious practices; prohibition (of items, people, spirits, etc. that would hinder Buddhist practice); fence between inner and outer sanctums in a temple; (arch.) short two or three-fold lattice around the front desk of a store; barrier; dimensional barrier
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
to cure; to heal; to fix; to correct; to do over again; to replace
as before; as ever; as it was originally
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
maintenance; servicing; putting in place; establishment; development
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
height (of body); stature
difference; variation; difference
two persons; two people; pair; couple
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
standing facing each other (e.g. mountains, buildings); standing opposite each other; confrontation; squaring off against (adversaries, armies, forces); standing off against
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
end; tip; end (of the year, month, etc.); close; youngest child; descendants; offspring
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
another (person); the other person; one more (person)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
dispatch; despatch; deployment; temporary employee (esp. from an agency); temporary worker; agency temp
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
learning; scholarship; study; study of ...; -ology; -ics
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to misperceive visually; to misread; to mistake for something or somebody else
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
beautiful face; good looks; beauty
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
handsome young man; Adonis
to elevate; to raise; to lift up; to flatter; to extol; to praise to the sky