indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
favorite; favourite; pet (e.g. teacher's pet); bookmark (in web browser)
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
sorrow; grief; anguish; trouble; affliction; anxiety
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
scenery; scene; landscape
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
tea (usu. green); tea break (at work); tea ceremony
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
door; gate; opening; title page
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
chair; stool; post; office; position
to encamp; to take up positions
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
while; even though; despite
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
care; looking after; repair; (police) raid; crackdown
Orange (France, Australia)
subtle; delicate; difficult; complex; doubtful; questionable
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly