indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
male; manly; brave; larger (of the two); greater; (arch.) man
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
in that way; thus; so; so?
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
older sister; elder sister
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
letter; missive; note; mail
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very