indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
bell (often a large hanging bell); chime
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to reverberate; to resound; to echo; to have one's fame spread; to be renowned
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
dead person; (the) deceased; (the) dead; casualties
to begin a trip; to depart; to embark; to die; to pass away; to depart this life
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
one's confidant; trusted friend; trusted retainer
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to look up at; to raise one's eyes; to look up to; to admire; to respect
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
whole (body); full-length (e.g. portrait); systemic
one color; one colour; one article; same tendency; everyone being caught up in the same thing
light; faint; pale; fleeting
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to shake; to sway; to waver
crevice; crack; spare moment; interval; chink (in one's armor, armour); unpreparedness
earrings (for pierced ears); ear piercing; body piercing
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
reflection; reverberation; reflex; reflexes
to shine; to glitter; to be bright