indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
remote region; frontier (district); border(land)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
lately; recently; nowadays
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
circumference; outskirts; environs; (computer) peripheral
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
plot of land; lot; soil; locality; region; place
related to; in relation to; as far as ... is concerned
historic ruins (remains, relics); archeological site
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be found; to be discovered
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
royal capital; imperial capital
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
neighboring countries; neighbouring countries; surrounding countries
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
to diffuse; to spread throughout; to prevail; to become widespread; to reach everyone
scattering; diffusion; spread (e.g. signal across the spectrum)
that is to say; so that means
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to attract attention; to come into the limelight
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
self first; striving to be first; scrambling for
to bend oneself forward (esp. in curiosity or excitement); to hang out (e.g. over a balcony)