indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
water (esp. cool or cold); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to be crowded with people; to be bustling with; to prosper; to flourish; to do thriving business
to show; to display; to make (something or someone) look ...; to present an appearance of ...; to make (something) worth watching; to be entertaining; to have (something) looked at (by a specialist)
(in) the middle of; (in) the midst of; (in) the course of; (at) the height of
raid; RAID; redundant array of independent disks
group; body; party; company; troupe; gang
Rudolf; Rudolff; Rudolfo; Rudolph
arrest; apprehension; capture
restriction; restraint; binding; constraint
organization; organisation; structure; construction; system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.); tissue; texture (of a rock)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
district; region; the country; countryside; civilian society
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
residence; stay; (job) posting; residential police box; residential police box officer
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
actually; really; truly; in practice; practically
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
to be surprised; to be taken aback; to be amazed; to be frightened; to be startled; to be alarmed
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
trial; judgement; judgment
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
I've heard that ...; rumour has it that ...; it appears as if ...
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
summons; subpoena; citation; summoning (a spirit, demon, etc.); evocation; invocation
two persons; two people; pair; couple
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
(nature of a) crime; (criminal) charge
to make clear; to clarify; to disclose; to make public