indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to be crowded with people; to be bustling with; to prosper; to flourish; to do thriving business
(in) the middle of; (in) the midst of; (in) the course of; (at) the height of
body; group; party; company; troupe
Rudolf; Rudolff; Rudolfo; Rudolph
leader of a delegation (body, party)
arrest; apprehension; capture
restriction; restraint; binding; constraint
organization; organisation; structure; construction; system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.); tissue; texture (of a rock)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
district; region; the country; countryside; civilian society
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
residence; stay; (job) posting; residential police box; residential police box officer
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
actually; really; truly; in practice; practically
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
to be surprised; to be astonished
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
trial; judgement; judgment
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
I've heard that ...; rumour has it that ...; it appears as if ...
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
two persons; two people; pair; couple
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
(nature of a) crime; (criminal) charge
to make clear; to clarify; to disclose; to make public
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently