narrow; confined; small; limited; narrow-minded; confining
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
-clad; in the midst of; tenths (e.g. wholesale price, as tenths of retail price); times (i.e. multiplied by); able-to-seat (of a chair, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
strange; odd; peculiar; queer; curious
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
given that ... it is only natural that ...; ... being the case, it is unavoidable that ...; (precisely) because ...; contrary to expectations ...
to provide; to arrange; to install
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
halfway; half measures; unfinished; incomplete; by halves; half-baked
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to remain; to stay (somewhere)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the four cardinal directions; north, east, south and west; surroundings; many countries; the whole world; all around; here and there
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to provide; to furnish; to equip; to install
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to be lit (e.g. candle, lamp, light bulb); to be lighted; to be burning
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indeed; really; very; extremely; absolutely; certainly
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
bizarre; strange; eccentric; odd; queer
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
people; men and women; each person; everybody