popularity; public favor; condition (e.g. market); tone; character
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
period of time; time slot; time zone
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
Sunday; day (of the month); counter for days; Japan
to pass (of time); to elapse
physical condition; state of health
clear; obvious; evident; bright; light
elevation; rise; improvement; advancement; progress
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
in perfect form; going swimmingly
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
adds force or indicates command
the same as always; day after day
company; lot; bunch; troupe; company (of musicians)
drinking bout; merrymaking
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
of course; certainly; naturally
feather; plume; wing; blade (of a fan, propeller, etc.); shuttlecock (in badminton); shuttlecock (in hanetsuki); arrow feathers
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that