after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
royal castle; imperial castle
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
settlement (of affairs); remedial measures; cleaning up afterwards
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
danger; peril; hazard; risk
judgment; judgement; divination; judgement
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
treatment (of a person); dealing with
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
all; entire; whole; altogether
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
had better ...; had better not ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
splendid; nice; sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); well enough; OK
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")