indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
writing; composition; essay; sentence
service; help; discount; discounted item; free service; freebie; service
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
work (e.g. book, film, composition, etc.); opus; performance; production
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
component; factor; item (e.g. in list); element (e.g. in array); member (e.g. data structure)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
don't you think?; indicates question
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
to contain; to comprise; to hold in the mouth; to bear in mind; to understand; to express (emotion, etc.)