indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
composition; construction; formation; makeup; structure; organization
protagonist; main character; hero(ine) (of a story); head of household
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
story; tale; legend; plot; storyline
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
strength; power; proficiency; ability
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
villain; baddie; the villain's part
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)