indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
character; personality; (fictional) character; letter; character
depiction; description; portrayal
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
expression; presentation; representation; notation
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
imagination; supposition; guess
leading part; leading actor; leading actress
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
image (in one's mind); impression; (computer) image; depiction (e.g. of a product); rendition
method; process; manner; way; means; technique
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
protagonist; main character; hero(ine) (of a story); head of household
reader (person); person who reads the cards (in karuta games); composer (of a poem)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
character (in a play or novel); dramatis personae
role of the villain; the bad guy
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
in that way; thus; so; so?
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
supporting role (actor); minor role
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do